Process or method of casting ingots.



TNO. 863,733. l PATENTED AUG. 20,1907..-

A A. J. LUsTIG. PocEss on METHOD or CASTING ING'oTs.

APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 1. 1900.

2 BHEBIS--BHBET 1..

a? b' wlTNl-:sses: a. ,006 mvENToR.: .7 AUGLPHUS Music A .f1 BY UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIOE.

DOLPEUSY, J` LUSTIG, or NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, AsS'IGNoE or ONEEIFTE To ISAAC LEHMAN, OENEWERLEEW JERSEY, AND ONE-FIFTH To LOUIS EARN, vOE :NEW

YORK, Y.,

To' all 'whem "it may concemq Beit known that I, ADoLPHUs J. L-UsrIG, a citizen of Q the States, residing at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and' useful Improvements the Process or Method of Casting Ingots; .and l do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, Vand exactV description of the inven- -tion, such .as enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to malre'and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to 20, gas to pass through the moldin a continuous and uni limited supply and to rise into the molten metal in the '-.mold especially during the time of pouring the molten steel ma the mold; and, a further object of this invention is, in addition to this step above set forth,lto' also 'I 25 supply -hydro-carbon gas to the upper portion of the mold, transmit heat from the molten metal in the mold to Said gas, and thereby cause the-hydrocarbon gas to pass 'into the upper portion of the mold and into the molten metal therein.`

My novel method-is preferably carried out by placing the open-bottomed mold upon a porousplate of metal which rests upon a hollow base into which the reducing gas, as hydro-carbon gas, is introduced so thatthe heat transmitted from the molten ma'ss in the mold to thel said porous plate of metal will distend or open the pores -of such plate, and that the hydro-carbon gas will enter through the saidpores in a continuous and unlimited I supply into the molten metalcontained in the mold,

l Vthe gas 'acting as a re-agent upon-the oxygen, nitrogen 40 .and sulfur contained in the -steel and also preventing` all further admission of oxygen, nitrogen and humidity` contained in the air into' the said molten mass of steel while the solid ingotis being formed. My invention therefore consists, primarily, `in the several novel steps inthe process or method ofcasting steel ingots,- substantially as hereinafter more fully set forth, and then nally embodiedin .the clauses of the claims, which form a part of this specification. j

This ,invention has for its further object, the novel process hereinafter described, which consists in pour-- `ing .molten steel into'a mold, arranged upon a hollow baseor support, supplying the base or support with hydrogen' o r hydrolcarbon gas, transmitting heat from the moltensteel inthe mold'to said hollow v base ldiarii Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed February 1.1900. Serial No. 3,620.

. rnocsss on METHOD oFy CASTING INGoTs.

Patented aug. 2o, 1907.

gas, and passing the gaseous resultant into and through the molten steel inthe mold.

In the accompanying drawings, l have illustrated one of the vseveral forms of molds and mold-supports; em-

ployed with my novel process or method of casting ingots.

a mold-support, with the mold in position thereon, said mold being represented partly in vertical section and partly in elevation, and Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5, are horizon- I tal sections taken., respectively on line 242, 3-3, 4-4,

novel processor method of casting ingots.v Fig. 6 isua vertical cross-section of the mold-support, taken online v 6-6 in Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is in part a side viewof theibottom and a central vertical section of the upper portion vation the support for the mold, and a central vertical; section of an oil-reservoir or tankattached to'one side of the mold, at or near the top thereof. Fig. S is apart side view and part vertical section of a portion ofthe mold and a vertical section o the oil-reservoir or tank,

anda means of communication for the passage of 4the volatile 'carbonaceous gas romthe tank into the mold being represented in elevation; and Fig, 9 is a face view of thel upper portion of the mold, the o ilrese'rvoir or tank been removed.

Similar letters of reference are employed in all of the lsaid above described views-to indicate corresponding Parts. v Y I v In the sais drawingsinlrigs. nos inclusive, indicates the base or foundation, on which the mold is'to be supported, the 'same consisting, essentially, of a baseplate a and the upwardly extendingl and'rsurrounding sides'a?, thus forming are'cepta'cle or box-like base orl foundation. Resting upon the inclined edges a* of inwardly extending ribs a3, preferably formed integral 'with the inner sides c? and with'the inner surface of the base-plate a., is a supportb for the mold d. The said support bis preferably made in the manner of a trunv of the ingot mold, said View also illustrating in side elecated pyramid, of`four sides, its dow'niivardlyV tapering sides b resting upon said ribsasubstantiallyas illustrated, whereby the surrounding open spaces a5 are formedhasclearly illustrated in Fig. 5: The spaces I are filled witha loose material a,such as puiniee stone,

asbestos, orfother material of alike nature.

into andxtending through one or more sidesof the 'receptacleor box-like foundation a are suitable 4gas-conveying' pipes or other suitable ducts ,a7,

which communicate with thepassage-ways or ducts a13 'and b6 and-'finally with a central duct or chamber bX inthesupport b, from the upper portion of which ra- 'for extend other ducts or passage-ways b2 into 60 ln the said drawings, Figure l is a verticalsection of 6,5. .and 5"5 in Fig@ 1 t0' mre demi' illustrate theV inner "M y .arrangement offtlie mold-support, employed with my.. .g

'the open spaces a5.

These ducts b2 terminate, preferably, in front ol' .the inclined edges of the ribs a,

where 'the llatter are cnt away to' form suitable passageways a", for the gas from said ducts 62 into the said spaces ai. Of course, 'it will be understood, that the said ducts b2, b0 and al?, however, may be arrangedfin any other suitable and practical manner, seas noti-0 terminate directly infront o f the said ribs.

The upper surface et' the mold-support b is preferably provided with raised portions 6*, of any desirable configuration, and with channels bi for reducing the metal at the upper part oi the support, and for the accumula- .-wth handles or other. lifting' means e for the.' removal .slots o`5 in said plates o, to allow of the expansion and contraction of said plates, as the mold becomes heated tion of the volatile gas therein, for the purposes to be hereinafter fully s et forth. Resting directly upon the upper suriaceof this supportb is a porous cast iron plate c, which is planed off on both-sides, andl is preferably provided with a-square or other-.suitably shaped depression or recess c/ in which is placed a metal plate o2, and a plate or layer c3, of refractory material, as asbestos and {ire-clay upon which the stream ol' molten metal is received when firstl poured into the mold d through the pouring opening o'in the plate or cover d resting upon the top of the mold. The mold d rests centrally .upon said, plate c, being surrounded by the plates e, which consist, preferably, of four pieces, as shown-in Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawing, and are provided known form and fithe usual material such as iron, or`

-the like, is preferably recessed in its several sides, as at d2, andV has secured in said recesses,.certain steel platesd, which are secured in position by means of bolts d4 screwed into the mold and passing through and cooled, also'for the purpose of preventing undue outward radiation of --the heat from within the mold, said plates furthermore preventing the escape of the .volatile hydro-carbon'through the porous material of which the ingot mold is made. These lseveral-parts being inthe positionslindioated in Figs. l tofrV inclusive, hydro-carbon gasor hydrogen 'gas is slowly adinitted through the pipe or pipes ai, into the ducts a13 and b, the centraipassage-way bX and through the ducts b2 intb 'the open spaces o5 yand the loose material ai therein, the said hydro-carbon gas' first expelling all atmospheric air from the foundation and lpassing through the pores of the heated supporting' plateA c, which may be termed and iii-practice does form one of the walls of the-mold, into'tlie mold d, in' which the hydro-carbon' gas mixes with'the fluid steel,- as will be v` clearly evident.

' :Instead of introducing al hydrocarbon gas into the mold base. a quantity of a liquid hydrocarbony may be placed or stored therein, which will be gradually vola.'-` 'tilized by theheat from the molten metal, thus supply# y the hydrocarbon gas employed for'treating the steel.

atftbe same time, the heat from the molten metal is `metal, as set. forth. w u

4."The'p`rocess of 'casting ingots, which' consistsi in introducing tthe-molten metal intov a moldhaving a wall transmitted to the frame f, and the carbonaccous niaterial f l in said flnmef begins to melt and flows through the openings f2 in said frame f down the lowerportions of the`sides of the mold-t0 the joint formed between the lower end-surface of the mold and the supporting or base-plate c upon which'the mold d rests. In this manner, the hydrogen gas or hydro-carbon ga s from the box-like foundationa and the volatile gas from the liquid hydro-carbon coming from the frame f is drawn or otherwise forced into the bottomof the mold d and into the semi-fluid steel therein. Aty the Sametime, the liquid hydro-carbon from the frame f fills up the surrounding crevices, thereby preventing any influx of atmospheric air intoy the bottom of the mold, to prevent oxidation oi the steel, and (also, effecting thej deoxidation vof the fluid steel which has becomeoxidizedl-'while in transit from'the ladle into the mold, as will be clearly evident.

held in'al proper'condition freefromoxids of carbon which tend to reduce the value of the metal andare the causeoi imperfect ingots. Furthermore-I. may.

arrange upon one side of the mold d,` at or near'-the top thereof. a reservoir or tank l, see Fig. l, which is, proby means of an eye Pand hook l, or inany other man-y ner, and having one or more ducts l* which extend into the inner and upper portion 'of the vmold d, each duct or pipe l4 being provided with a downwardly extendv ing nozzle-l5, substantially as illustrated. Thesepipes Z, as will be seen from Figs. 7, 8 and 9 ofv the drawing,4 are removably placed in recesses d7 in the upper portion of the mold, which permits'oi' the tank or reser-V voir l being removed ifrom the side oi' the mold, when the cover d is taken ofi. The radiated heat 'from the cooling steel in the mold and that from the mold itself, will cause the carbonaceous oil in the\t ankl to Agive ofi a hydro-carbon gas which is admitted into' the upper portion of the mold d. This gas is .thus directed directly to that portion of the semi-fluid mass in the mold where the piping in ingots occurs, and I prevent this piping or shrinkage of the ingot by then pouring ,from the ladle, a further quantity of molten -steel in a semi-solid state into this upper portion of the mold filled with the hydrocarbon gas from said .tank or reservoir l, and I thereby-avoid the pipingoi the ingot.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim isz- 1. The' process -of casting ingots, which consists in y All oxygen is in this mannerdriven off with the hydro-carbon gas, and the metal is l l sol introducing the molten metal into amoid, passing-,into and through said metal a 'continuous stream of a-heated,

gas capable of removing therefrom oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, and permitting the cast metal to lcool, as setforth.'

2. The process of casting ingots, which conslsts lnintroducing'umemolten metal into .a mold, passing into` and through ,said metal a continuous stream of a' heated hydrocarbon gas', and permitting the cast metal to cool, 'as' set forth.

3. The .processor casting ingots, 'which --consists in introducing: the molten metal into amold having a -wall which is permeable to gas-but not to molten metal, andk forcing a purifying gas through said wallfand 'into' said which is permeable to'gas butnotto 'molten metal; and

Vforcing a deoxidizing metal, as set l'orth.

.5. The process or casting ingots, which consists in introducing the molten metal intoa mold having a Wall which is permeable to gas but not to molten metal, and .forcing through said wall and into said metal a gas capable o! removing oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur from said metal, set forth.

G. The process or' casting ingots, which consists in introducing the molten metal into a -mold having a wall which is permeable to gas but not to molten metal, andforcing a hydrocarbon gas through said wall and into said metal, as set forth.

7. The. process of casting ingots, which y consists in introducing the molten metal into a mold having a Wall which is permeable to gas but not to molten metal, conning a purifying gas in contact with the outer surface of said wall, and permittingA the heat transferred from the molten metal todistend the pores o t salido/all, rarefy said gas and cause it'to flow through thegiopenpores into and through said molten metal, as set forth.'l

8. The process of casing ingots, which consists in placing anfopendiottoxn .llold upon a hollowbase, conliningl a purifying gas in said base, pouring the molten metal into said, rnold,und permitting the heat transferred from said metal to that portion of the base on which said mold rests to disten'd tho poresof said base, rarefy said gas and cause a continuousA How of the gas through the vopen pores'rnto and through said molten metal, as set forth.

The processor castingr ingots, which consists in pl :inan open-bottomed mold upon a hollow base, 'introducing a hydrocarbon into said base, pouring the molten metal into'sald mold, and permitting the heat transmitted from saidmetal tothat portion of the-base-on `which said mold rests to distend'the pores of said base; volatilize said hydrocarbon and cause a continuous flow 0f reducing gas through the open pores into vand through said molten metal', as set forth.

10. The process of casting ingots. which consists in placing .an open-bottomed moldupon a porous metallic plate," arranged upon a hollow base,V introducing a hydrogas through said wan and into said carbon into said base, pouring the' molten metalv into said mold, und permitting; the heat transmitted from said metal to said porous plate to distond the pores of said plate. volatilize said hydrocarbon and cause a continuous tlow of reducing gas through the opeu pores into and through said molten metal, as set forth. I

11. The process of casting ingots, which consists in introducing a hydrocarbon into a porous but normally closed hollow receptacle beneath the mold, pouring the molten metal into said mold, and permitting the heat transmitted from said metal to said receptacle to distend the pores of said receptacle, volatilize said hydrocarbon and cause a continuous flow of purifying gas through its pores into the molten n'letal, as set forth.

12. The process ot' casting'ingots of iron or steel, which consists in 'introdui/lg the molten metal into 'a mold, sulstantially closing the upper end* of said mold, delivering a highly-heated 'purifying gas into said mold above the cast metal, and

forth. l

13. The process ot casting ingots of iron or stoel, which consists in introducing the molten metal into a mold, suh-v stantally closing the upper end of said mold, delivering,r a highly-heated purifying gas'into said mold abovennd below the cast metal, and allowingthe cast metal to cool, as set forth. l t

1,4. The process of casting li'ngots, which consists in introducing a ,hydrocarbonaccous matter'into a porous allowing the cast metal to cool, as setv 

